Are you planning to buy a property in sunny Spain? Before you dive into searching for your dream home, there is a key administrative step without which no transaction can take place – obtaining an NIE number. This identifier is the foundation of any economic activity for foreigners in the country. In this guide, we will explain in detail what an NIE is, why it is absolutely mandatory, and the procedure for obtaining it in 2025, step by step.
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What is an NIE Number and Why Is It Absolutely Mandatory?
The NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero) is a unique identification number for foreigners in Spain. It is issued by the Spanish National Police and serves as a fiscal identifier. Without it, you are practically “invisible” to the Spanish administrative and tax system.
Obtaining an NIE number is a mandatory requirement for carrying out a range of activities, including:
- Buying or selling real estate: This is the most common reason for foreigners to apply. The notary will not certify the transaction without a valid NIE for the buyer.
- Opening a bank account: Most Spanish banks require an NIE to open an account, which is necessary for the purchase transactions and paying bills.
- Paying taxes: All property-related taxes (annual property tax IBI, non-resident income tax, etc.) are linked to your NIE.
- Signing contracts: For utilities (electricity, water, internet), insurance, or car rentals.
- Setting up a company or starting a job.
In short, the NIE is your key to legally participating in Spain’s economic life. It does not grant you residency rights; it only identifies you to the authorities.
Procedure for Obtaining an NIE: Step-by-Step
There are two main ways to get your NIE number. The choice depends on whether you are in Spain or prefer to initiate the procedure from your home country.
Option 1: Applying Directly in Spain
This method is faster but requires you to be physically in the country.
- Book an Appointment (Cita Previa): The first and most crucial step is to book an appointment online through the official government portal. You select the province and the service type (“Policía-Asignación de NIE”). Be prepared that finding available slots, especially in busy areas, can take time.
- Prepare the Documents: Gather the necessary set of documents (described in detail below).
- Pay the Fee: You must pay the government fee at a bank before your appointment date.
- Visit the Police Station: On the day of your appointment, visit the corresponding police station (
Comisaría de Policía) or foreigner’s office (Oficina de Extranjería) with all prepared documents. If everything is in order, the number may be issued to you immediately or within a few days.
Option 2: Applying from Abroad (via a Spanish Consulate)
This is the convenient option if you want to have your NIE ready before traveling to Spain.
- Contact the Consulate: Get in touch with the Consular Section of the Spanish Embassy in your country to clarify the procedure and book an appointment.
- Prepare the Documents: The set of documents is almost the same as when applying in Spain.
- Submit in Person: On the agreed-upon date, you submit the documents at the consulate.
- Receive the NIE: This process takes longer, usually between 2 and 4 weeks, as the documents are sent to Spain for processing.
Required Documents for an NIE (2025 Checklist)
Regardless of where you apply, you will need the following documents:
- Application Form EX-15: Filled out and signed in two copies. The form must be in Spanish. You can download it from the official portal of the Spanish Police.
- Valid Passport or ID Card: Original and a photocopy. For EU citizens, an ID card is sufficient.
- Document Proving the Reason for the Request: Since the purpose is a property purchase, this could be a preliminary contract (
contrato de arras), a letter from a lawyer or notary, or even an offer from a real estate agency certifying your intent to purchase. - Proof of Paid Fee (Modelo 790 Código 012): You need to fill out the Modelo 790 form online, print it, and pay the fee at a Spanish bank. For 2025, the fee is approximately 9.84. If applying through a consulate, payment is made according to their instructions.
- Two Passport-Sized Photos (sometimes): Some offices may also require photos, so it’s a good idea to have them ready.
Differences for EU and Non-EU Citizens
- For EU Citizens: The procedure is significantly simpler. As a citizen of the union, you have the right to conduct economic activities, and no complex justification is required. You apply for a so-called
NIE de no residente(non-resident NIE). - For Non-EU Citizens: The process can be more complex. A more definitive proof of the need for an NIE is often required, such as an already signed preliminary contract. In some cases, applying for an NIE is part of a broader procedure for obtaining a visa or residence permit.
Timelines and Fees for 2025
- Timelines:
- In Spain: From on-the-spot issuance to 1-2 weeks, depending on the office’s workload.
- Through a consulate: Usually between 2 and 4 weeks.
- Fees: The main government fee (Modelo 790) is approximately 9.84. There may be additional fees when applying through a consulate or if you use the services of a lawyer or representative.
In conclusion, although it involves some bureaucracy, obtaining an NIE number is a standard and manageable procedure. It is the first, but most important, step toward realizing your dream of owning a property in Spain. Good preparation of documents and patience are the keys to a quick and successful outcome. If the process seems complicated, you can always seek assistance from specialized agencies or lawyers.
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